Optical Imaging encompasses a suite of light-based techniques that enable real-time visualization of biological activity with high sensitivity and spatial precision. Widely used in neuroscience and cell biology, these methods allow researchers to monitor dynamic processes such as calcium signaling and neurotransmitter release across a range of experimental conditions. The applications highlighted on this page include fiber photometry neurotransmitter imaging, as well as calcium imaging in freely behaving, head-fixed, and ex vivo/in vitro preparations, demonstrating the flexibility of optical approaches across in vivo and controlled environments. Together, these techniques provide critical insights into functional activity and molecular dynamics, supporting a deeper understanding of complex biological systems.